Electrochemical devices for water treatment and disinfection

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STEL electrochemical devices

STEL devices – these are technical systems intended to get electrochemically ac-tive solutions – anolyte and catholyte. As a parent solution for synthesis of electrochemically active anolyte and catholyte may be used solutions of different salts of alkali-earth metals or fresh (drinking) water. Any STEL device contains flow electrochemical membranous reactor in the form of either one flow-through electrochemical module element (FEM-3, FEM-9, MB-11, MB-26) or a block of these elements (RPE reactor), hydraulic system for delivery of parent solution into the reactor and discharge of products of electrochemical synthesis from reactor, additional devices for cleansing, mixing of products of electrochemical reactions and also power supply. Besides depending on model and design STEL devices may contain the system of preparation of concentrated sodium chloride solu-tion for further mixing with fresh water and to get parent solution, system of control and stabilization of set opera-tion parameters, system of intermittent flushing of the plant by acid bath, system of filling control of storage con-tainer and some other appliances and system determining degree of technical excellence of STEL device. Effi-ciency of STEL devices varies from 5 to 500 liters per hour at power consumption level from 100 to 2 000 W de-pending on type and model.

Classification of STEL devices

ANOLYTE ANK – neutral anolyte derived with the preceding cathode treatment

Anolyte ANK, as per many experimental researches and sound experience of long-term practical appli-cation, is the solution closest to medicine needs: having wide and universal range of action it is not toxic, does not produce toxic background while drying, and does not allow microorganisms to develop resistance. There are more than 40 000 STEL devices operating in Russian prevention and treatment facilities that make electrochemically active anolyte ANK out of sodium chloride and water. Every Moscow hospital has no less than 10 such devices. Moscow GKB No. 15 has STEL devices operating from 1989, and GKB No. 52 - from 1997. There was not a single resistant microbial flora in any of thousands of operational locations of STEL devices over all this time.

Anolyte ANK, having neutral pH, active components are represented by hypochlorous acid, little of hy-pochlorite ions, chlorine dioxide, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen. To get such a mixture of oxidants by chemical means is impossible, however it is generated in organism of a man in the process of phagocytosis by means of electrochemical reactions in the ferment cytochrome Р-450 and exists not long, solving tasks of struggle with infection. Specific conditions of electrochemical synthesis in patented electrochemical reactors of STEL de-vices may create conditions for long-term (from several days to two-three months) coexistence in the solution of metastable particles – antagonists. Anolyte ANK (Anolyte Neutral with preceding cathode treatment) comparing to traditional disinfecting remedies is a principally new object like cold plasma unlike for instance hot plasma of alco-hol lamp flame. In both cases we deal with metastable particles to which microorganisms cannot produce resis-tance on principle and chemical composition of which is impossible to prepare for thorough examination of every separate component. That is why anolyte ANK, when concentration of active components is 0,03, immediately destroys spores of anthrax over a couple of seconds, comparing to sodium hypochlorite with active components concentration exceeding the latter 150 times which takes nearly 30 minutes to do the same. This data is taken from a scientific report of Memorial Institute Battelle (USA), however in other forms it was confirmed by researching or-ganizations in more than 50 countries including Russia.

Anolyte ANK: term and synthesis technology

Anolyte ANK is an ecologically pure solution with wide range of all-service antimicrobial activity: cleaning, disin-fecting, sterilizing and simultaneously an effective medicine for local external application (according to a corre-sponding pharmaceutical article). Anolyte ANK is a solution of oxidizing agents (hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite ions, chlorine dioxide, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen) in metastable condition. Long-term coexistence of metastable oxidants-antagonists ensure hydrated films stabilized by dissolved hydrogen. Total content of dis-solved substances in anolyte ANK does not exceed 5 g/l and pH level is within 6,0 - 7,5.

The most important technological moments in the anolyte ANK technology process are remove of ions of heavy metals of sodium chloride out of parent solution of sodium chloride, use of properties of dissolved hydrogen in the solution of oxidants as well as technology of correction of pH of acid solution of anolyte.

Anolyte ANK technology in different STEL devices.

In devices like STEL-10N-120-01

1. Cathode treatment of parent water solution of sodium chloride.
2. Remove by means of flotation of hydrogen and remove of gaseous hydrogen from catholyte together with some catholyte containing ions of heavy metals converted into insoluble hydroxides.
3. Anode processing of cleaned catholyte.

Ratio of general mineralization and content of oxidants in anolytes ANK produced in STEL devices 1 – in devices like STEL-10N-120-01 2 – in devices like STEL -10N-120-01 model «М» 3 – in devices like STEL-ANK-PRO

In devices like STEL-10N-120-01 model «М»

1. Cathode treatment of fresh water with simultaneous anode treatment of parent water solution of sodium or po-tassium chloride.
2. Remove by means of flotation of hydrogen and remove of gaseous hydrogen from catholyte together with some catholyte containing ions of heavy metals converted into insoluble hydroxides.
3. Infeed of anode treated products into cleaned catholyte.

In devices like STEL-ANK-PRO

1. Anode treatment of parent solution of sodium chloride by means of ionselective electrolysis with diaphragm with producing of concentrated catholyte.
2. Infeed of catholyte and hydrogen into fresh water, separation by means of flotation by hydrogen into fresh water and remove of gaseous hydrogen from catholyte containing ions of heavy metals converted into insoluble hydroxides.
3. Infeed of anode treated products into water cleaned from ions of heavy metals and saturated with hydrogen.

In the process of many researches it was determined that efficiency and application properties of anolyte ANK at equal concentration of oxidants is higher the less is the total content of dissolved substances (general mineralization). For more information refer to www.bakhir.ru section «Selected articles».